Chủ động đa dạng nguồn vốn cho hạ tầng

Theo báo cáo của Sở GTVT, những năm qua, TP đã tập trung, ưu tiên nguồn lực để đầu tư phát triển hạ tầng giao thông , nhưng nguồn vốn ngân sách TP đầu tư còn thấp so với nhu cầu thực tế, dẫn đến tiến độ thực hiện chưa đáp ứng quy hoạch, kế hoạch đề ra.

Cụ thể, trong giai đoạn 2016 – 2020, kể từ năm 2017 (năm đầu thời kỳ ổn định ngân sách 2017 – 2020), tỷ lệ phân chia nguồn thu cho ngân sách TP giảm từ 23% xuống còn 18%, trong khi nhu cầu vốn để chi đầu tư phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng và nhu cầu kinh phí để đảm bảo các chính sách, chế độ ngày càng tăng. Mặt khác, ngân sách T.Ư chi đầu tư phát triển hạ tầng giao thông đường bộ trên địa bàn TP còn chậm so với kế hoạch.


Nhiều dự án trọng điểm của TP.HCM lo hụt vốn. Ảnh: Độc Lập

Mặt khác, việc huy động các nguồn lực khác ngoài ngân sách nhà nước cũng còn nhiều hạn chế và khó khăn nhất định. Cụ thể, nguồn vốn hỗ trợ phát triển chính thức (ODA) với các chính sách ưu đãi về vốn vay (lãi suất và thời gian trả vốn và lãi vay) đang dần bị thu hẹp lại do sự tăng trưởng về kinh tế và thu nhập bình quân đầu người. Thời gian qua, việc triển khai thu hút vốn đầu tư cho các dự án theo hình thức đối tác công – tư (PPP) chủ yếu thông qua các hình thức hợp đồng BOT (xây dựng – vận hành – chuyển giao), BT (xây dựng – chuyển giao) cũng gặp nhiều vướng mắc về pháp lý.

Loạt dự án trọng điểm của TP.HCM cũng “ế” khi kêu gọi đầu tư nước ngoài. Theo báo cáo của UBND TP, trong số 11 dự án thuộc Danh mục dự án quốc gia kêu gọi đầu tư nước ngoài đến năm 2020 trên địa bàn TP, chỉ có 1 dự án Khu đô thị Đại học Quốc tế đã có nhà đầu tư nước ngoài (Công ty Berjaya Leisure (Cayman) Ltd) tham gia thực hiện. Còn lại 10/11 dự án vẫn chưa nhà đầu tư nào quan tâm. Trong đó, có tới 8 dự án giao thông gồm dự án Xây dựng nhà ga hành khách xe buýt tại Chợ Lớn hiện hữu; 3 dự án đường tuyến số 1, 2, 3; 2 tuyến tàu điện 1 ray (monorail) số 2 và số 3; Tuyến xe điện mặt đất số 1; Tuyến đường sắt đô thị (metro) số 6.

TS Lương Hoài Nam, thành viên Hội đồng Tư vấn giao thông đô thị TP.HCM, cho rằng với nhu cầu vốn để phát triển cơ sở hạ tầng của TP.HCM, T.Ư có cấp bao nhiêu cũng không đủ. Vì thế, TP phải chủ động bù bằng rất nhiều cấu trúc đầu tư khác để huy động được các nguồn vốn. Trong đó, nên đẩy mạnh các hình thức PPP bằng cách xã hội hóa tối đa các dự án hạ tầng giao thông.

Theo ông Nam, để doanh nghiệp tư nhân và nhà đầu tư nước ngoài bỏ vốn vào các dự án hạ tầng thì dự án phải “ngon”. Trong các dự án hạ tầng hiện nay, phần giải phóng mặt bằng rất khó khăn. “Nên chăng, TP.HCM cần thay đổi cách làm, có thể phát triển quỹ đất để lo phần đền bù giải phóng mặt bằng trước, sau đó mới kêu gọi đầu tư dự án”, ông Nam gọi ý.

Liên quan vấn đề ngân sách đâu để hỗ trợ giải phóng mặt bằng, TS Lương Hoài Nam đánh giá tài sản lớn nhất của TP.HCM hiện nay là đất. Tuy nhiên, vẫn còn nhiều quỹ đất chưa được khai thác hiệu quả. Đơn cử, hơn 50% đất hiện nay là đất nông nghiệp, nhưng chỉ tạo ra 0,8% giá trị kinh tế. Loại hình đất này nếu chưa chuyển đổi mục đích thì cũng không dùng được cho phát triển hạ tầng hay phát triển bất động sản. “Không mạnh dạn áp dụng cơ chế, chính sách mới thì sẽ mãi bế tắc trong bài toán phát triển giao thông”, vị này nhấn mạnh.

H.Mai

Thanh niên



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